What is meant by the 'Star System' illustrate the workings of the Essay

What is meant by the 'Star System' illustrate the workings of the system by analysing the image of one star from the period 1930-1960 - Essay Example The star system created and promoted film stars by creating personas for them. In the process new names and backgrounds were created. Cary Grant, Joan Crawford and Rock Hudson were film stars who were created by the Hollywood star system. The system expected men to be gentlemen and women to wear stylish clothes when leaving the house. There were special clauses within the actors’ contracts which called for strict moral regulations to be adhered to (de Cordova, 52, 2000). The star’s public image was fiercely guarded by the Hollywood executives. Any scandals or incidents that damaged the star’s image were covered up. Sham dates were introduced for actors who were homosexual. Actors and actresses were matched together in order to create a public image of a romantic couple. Money was given to witnesses to hide incidents of drugs, adultery, drinking and divorce. Some tabloid papers were on the Hollywood payroll which exclusively reported on the stars to update their public image. Celebrity scandals were hushed up by giving money to tabloid papers and journals (Walker, 57, 1970). During the initial years of the film industry, actors and actresses were reluctant to perform in films. They felt embarrassment in working for movies. The film industry was considered at the level of carnivals and freak shows. Only silent movies were considered to be acceptable. Producers also feared that by working for films actors would gain more fame and prestige. Thomas Edison’s Motion Picture Patents Company forced companies to follow their rules and equipment during the design of films. The Motion Picture Patents Company did not promote stars. The star system eventually arose from the public desire to know the names of the actors. Film audiences gave their own nicknames to performers in movies they liked (McDonald, 77, 2000). Star promotion was first done by Carl Laemmle when he acquired Lawrence from Biograph. He promoted the star by spreading rumors of her being killed in

Beowulf and The Modern Day Hero Essay Example for Free

Beowulf and The Modern Day Hero Essay A hero does something for the greater good of mankind. A hero is courageous and brave in any situation. Beowulf and Irena Sendler a social worker who smuggled over 2,500 Jewish out of harms way put their lives on the line to protect their mankind. While each warriors have their differences both believe in courage and triumphing over evil. In his final battle Beowulf goes up against a dragon that take a whole army to defeat. Caught up in his courageous high Beowulf does not realize the feat that lies ahead of him. Beowulf describes, â€Å"scant regard for the dragon as a threat, no dread at all of its courage or strength, for he kept going often in the past† (2348-2351). Beowulf is caught up in his past glories blinding him from the actualization of how dangerous the dragon is. Being courageous means one knows their limits. Irena Sendler knew that she could not act alone in rescuing over 2,500 innocent children. Ambulance drivers would transport children under the floorboards while police officers would be bribed to allow traffic through an underground corridor. Unlike Beowulf Irena knew that she needed help to sneak past the giant Nazi regime to rescue thousands of Jewish children. is not caught up in being labeled as a hero for risking her life to save over 2,500 innocent children. Beowulf states, â€Å"I have wrestled the hilt from the enemies’ hand, avenged the evil done to the Danes; it is what was due† (1668-1670) Beowulf fights for justice and to avenge those who have done wrong. By fighting for your beliefs Beowulf displays that you cannot terrorize without repercussions. In 1943 the Nazi party commenced a liquidation of the Warsaw ghetto. Irena believes, â€Å"Every child saved with my help and the help of all the wonderful secret messengers, who today are no longer living, is the justification of my existence on this earth, and not a title to glory.† Irena did not want the title of glory she only fought for her beliefs in a non-violent manner. Unlike Beowulf she did not need to go out and avenge the Nazis for their vile acts towards humanity. A hero is brave and will put their lives on the line to protect mankind. Beowulf and a Irena are courageous no matter how daunting each of their tasks were. A hero stands up for the greater good of people when he witnesses mankind being threatened. While a hero comes in all different ways both possess the same qualities. MLA Format HEVESI, DENNIS. Irena Sendler, Lifeline to Young Jews, Is Dead at 98. Nytimes.com. Nytimes.com, 13 May 2008. Web.

Ventricular Assist Devices :: Heart Transplants Health Technology Essays

Ventricular Assist Devices The Jarvik 2000 is a vast improvement in artificial hearts since its predecessor the Jarvik-7. The Jarvik 2000 is a ventricular assist device. Ventricular Assist Devices (VAD) are a less invasive alternative to an artificial heart transplant. They are intended to assist the heart in pumping blood, not to replace the heart. These devices are implanted into the body and pump blood through the aorta thus, relieving the weakened ventricle of its normal workload. It works as a rotary pump so that blood is constantly flowing and therefore there is no longer a pulse. This device is not completely self-contained; a battery pack and the external components must be worn around the waist. This allows the patient unrestricted movement and not be immobilized as was the case for the original artificial heart. The battery pack transmits energy up to a component around the skull, the power is then conducted through wires that pass internally down the neck. Unlike Jarvik-7, which was to serve as a temporary artificial heart until a donor was found and a transplant could be performed, the Jarvik-2000 is being developed as a permanent assist device.5 Peter Houghton Mr. Peter Houghton is the first patient who was fitted with the ventricular assist device. He was 61 years old during the time of the operation, which took place in June of 2000. Mr. Houghton, who was suffering from heart failure, was only expected to live a couple of weeks longer without a heart transplant or artificial help. He underwent the procedure that took 14 hours in order prolong his life. He showed significant progress six weeks after his surgery with his heart and liver functions improving greatly. Mr. Houghton is capable of exercise due to the ability to manually control the blood flow rate of the device throughout his body. Recently on August 16, 2004 Mr. Houghton set the world record for longest time as a patient living with a cardiac assist device, at that day he had lived with the device for 1518 days. His condition has improved so much that he can live with the device turned off for short periods of time.

An American Tail Movie project :: essays research papers

An American Tail (1986) Director: Don Bluth Performers:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fievel Mousekewitz (Voice of Philip Glasser)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Papa Mousekewitz (Voice of Nehemia Persoff)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mama Mouskewitz (Voice of Erica Yohn)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tanya Mousekewitz (Voice of Amy Green)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bridget (Voice of Cathianne Blore)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Digit (Voice of Will Ryan) Gussie Mouseheimer (Voice of Madeline Kahn) Henri the Pigeon (Voice of Christopher Plummer) Honest John (Voice of Neil Ross) Irish mouse on boat (Voice of Warren Hayes) Italian mouse on boat (Voice of John Guarnieri) Moe (Voice of Hal Smith) Tiger (Voice of Dom DeLuise) Tony Toponi (Voice of Pat Musick) Warren T. Rat (Voice of John Finnegan) Summary   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fievel Mousekewitz and his family (who are mice), who are from Russia run away from their homeland in the late 1800s, and board a boat headed for America to escape the Czarist rule of the Russian cats. Fievel, however, is separated from his family upon his arrival in New York Harbor. While he’s searching for his family throughout NYC, he discovers that there are cats in America too (his father said there weren't). Fievel meets a variety of friendly and hostile mice, and learns the ins and outs of NYC and how to survive as an immigrant. Eventually he makes friends with a cat named Tiger and together, along with others, Fievel finds his family and lives happily ever after.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is an immigration movie geared towards kids to show and teach them about immigration to America. It shows them the reasons they (the Mousekewitz) left their homeland Russia to come to America. In their case it was to escape the Czarist rule of the cats, parallel to most immigrants who escaped their land due to religious and political persecution. Once aboard the ship to America, it showed the long and unpleasant trip to New York Harbor, where in this movie, Fievel gets separated from his family to inclimate weather. Once they arrive in New York Harbor, it shows children the happiness immigrants got when they saw the statue of liberty and the process through Ellis Island to become a citizen of America. The rest of the movie takes place in America where it shows â€Å"political machines†, such as Warren T. Rat, who really is a cat but takes advantage of new immigrants by dressing as a mouse and receiving the mice’s trust. With trust came their mon ey and broken promises, just as â€Å"political machines† really did back then. The movie shows the immigrants hardships and poor living conditions in America with tenement housing and unsanitary conditions.

Mentoring vs. Induction Programs

How does a mentoring program differ from an induction program? Induction programs are professional experiences for beginning teachers that provide systematic and sustained assistance to ease the transition into teaching (Kauchak & Eggen, 2005, p. 500). For example, an induction program assists new teachers with teacher workshops that cater to first year teachers to help them to be better successful in their new classrooms. Mentoring programs are experienced teachers who provide guidance and support for beginning teachers (Kauchak & Eggen, 2005, p. 500).The difference between mentoring and induction programs is mentoring programs is done by a single person (an experienced teacher) who help guide you in succeeding inside your classroom, and an induction program is a program that contains workshops and provides first year teachers crucial information to be able to be successful in their new classrooms. Are mentoring and induction programs equally effective? I do not believe that mentori ng and induction programs are equally effective. I believe that mentoring programs are least effective than induction programs.Mentoring programs only offer you a mentor to help you settle into your new classroom for the first year, while induction programs offer you so much more such as: * Special attention is given to teachers in the beginning years of their career to help to link their performance to state and district standards (Kauchak & Eggen, 2005, p. 500). * Mentors for beginning teachers are compensated for their work and are given opportunities for their own professional growth through classes that help them become affective mentors (Kauchak & Eggen, 2005, p. 00). * Teachers receive assistance and support with everyday problems and are encouraged to develop a reflective professional attitude (Kauchak & Eggen, 2005, p. 500). * Universities and schools collaborate to create clinical learning environments for beginning teachers. These relationships provide professional develo pment for both k-12 teachers and university faculty (Kauchak & Eggen, 2005, p. 500). This makes induction programs more effective than mentoring programs because it offers so much more than a mentoring program does.Mentoring programs provide you only a teaching professional to guide you through the first year, while an induction program provides with workshops and programs that better help you to develop as a professional through your first year. What kind of support is available for new teachers that participate in these types of programs? The kind of support that is available for new teachers that participate in the mentoring and induction programs is that of professional development.Induction programs offer professional development by setting up workshops for new teachers that can help them through their first year of teaching. Mentoring programs offer professional development by giving them a mentor that can guide them in helping them to become successful by their own personal e xperiences. Based on your research, what do these programs lack and what kinds of additional features would improve these programs? Based on my research, I think that the programs would be more beneficial if the two programs would work together.I think that if a new teacher used both the mentoring and the induction programs that they could be more successful. By using one program I do not believe that you could learn all that you needed to learn in just one of these programs. Yes, the induction program is good for profession development by offering workshops to better a first year teacher, but having a mentor along the side of you to support you would be even better. I think this would also better help teachers to stay in this profession instead of changing professions because they

College and its Debts Essays

College and its Debts Essays College and its Debts Essay College and its Debts Essay FIDE is nationally known as a private college. That allows students to pursue their career in fashion. There are a total of four campus locations. Altogether they all offer some of the same opportunities. However, becoming a student to any campus can result in coming out in debt or even huge amounts of stress. Although FIDE has such high expectations for its students it also adds to the many issues we already face. Allowing students to live up to their greatest potential. Attending FIDE for nearly 2 months I have become familiar with the campus. It is ere small, colorful, and pretty much a huge circle. Everyone knows each other and it is real easy to make connections with others. As well as building a close relationship with your teachers and counselors. But one thing that needs a major change is the process of students taking out loans in order to attend school. With students going through the process to be enrolled is already a long enough process. Then allowing them to use all there financial aid to cover the half that they need it for, and take out a loan to pay off the amount they cannot pay. Being a student is already enough stress. But having to worry whether or not you will graduate in debt should never be the worries of any student. Going to school for something that you enjoy doing should never become a burden. If you choose to attend a private school that specializes in your major it should be a place that is inexpensive, and has your best interest. Something that I hear on the FIDE campus constantly is students asking other students how theyre paying for school. It is evident by the answers most of them are dependent on their parents or relaying on the fact that they have to take out a student loan.

16 Inspirational Christmas Quotes

16 Inspirational Christmas Quotes We wait a year to celebrate Christmas. Yet when we plan our celebration, we tend to forget those who serve us unfailingly. We gather around the Christmas tree with friends and family. But we forget to invite those who are alone in this world. This Christmas, bring joy to others with an act of kindness. Use these inspirational Christmas quotes to teach you the real meaning of giving. George Matthew Adams, The Christmas Heart: Let us remember that the Christmas heart is a giving heart, a wide open heart that thinks of others first. The birth of the baby Jesus stands as the most significant event in all history, because it has meant the pouring into a sick world the healing medicine of love which has transformed all manner of hearts for almost two thousand years... Underneath all the bulging bundles is this beating Christmas heart. Taylor Caldwell: I am not alone at all, I thought. I was never alone at all. And that, of course, is the message of Christmas. We are never alone. Not when the night is darkest, the wind coldest, the world seemingly most indifferent. For this is still the time God chooses. Ann Schultz: Let us keep Christmas beautiful without a thought of greed, that it might live forevermore to fill our every need, that it shall not be just a day, but last a lifetime through, the miracle of Christmas time that brings God close to you. Helen Keller: The only real blind person at Christmas-time is he who has not Christmas in his heart. Charles Dickens: It was always said of him, that he knew how to keep Christmas well, if any man alive possessed the knowledge. May that be truly said of us, and all of us! And so, as Tiny Tim observed, God Bless Us, Every One! Dale Evans Rogers: Christmas, my child, is love in action. Every time we love, every time we give, its Christmas. Bess Streeter Aldrich: Christmas Eve was a night of song that wrapped itself about you like a shawl. But it warmed more than your body. It warmed your heart... filled it, too, with melody that would last forever. Alexander Smith: Christmas is the day that holds all time together. Wendy Cope: Bloody Christmas, here again, let us raise a loving cup, peace on earth, goodwill to men, and make them do the washing up. Louisa May Alcott: The rooms were very still while the pages were softly turned and the winter sunshine crept in to touch the bright heads and serious faces with a Christmas greeting. Alfred, Lord Tennyson: The time draws near the birth of Christ: The moon is hid; the night is still; the Christmas bells from hill to hill answer each other in the mist. Mother Teresa: It is Christmas every time you let God love others through you... yes, it is Christmas every time you smile at your brother and offer him your hand. Orson Welles: Now Im an old Christmas tree, the roots of which have died. They just come along and while the little needles fall off me replace them with medallions. Ruth Carter Stapleton: Christmas is most truly Christmas when we celebrate it by giving the light of love to those who need it most. W. C. Jones: The joy of brightening other lives, bearing each others burdens, easing others loads and supplanting empty hearts and lives with generous gifts becomes for us the magic of Christmas. Bob Hope: My idea of Christmas, whether old-fashioned or modern, is very simple: loving others. Come to think of it, why do we have to wait for Christmas to do that?

Imperialism in Western History essays

Imperialism in Western History essays Imperialism in Western History From the Perspective of William Sumner William Graham Sumners writings are often distinguished by their laissez-faire capitalism undertones. His views were similar to those of Charles Darwin and his theory of natural selection. Sumner capitalized on this theory by incorporating it into his own belief system. He applied it at the level of human existence, in maintaining that humans basically survive as a result of survival of the fittest. For him, this did not indicate pure existence, or life itself, but this theory dictated ones social existence as well. Sumner believed that individuals thrived socially and financially if they were naturally competent enough to do so. For Sumner, it became a matter of possessing certain qualities such as intelligence or discipline that would enable an individual to succeed in life. If those qualities were not present in some people, then there would be no one else to blame should they shrink into poverty as a result of their shortcomings. So from this perspective, Sumners perspective, th e only source of de Chungaras poverty is de Chungara herself, and the same for her people. It is an indisputable fact that women in both First and Third world countries have a rich and lengthy history of organizing on their own behalf against exploitation and impoverishing conditions. This history is often hidden and repressed because it is threatening to the state and the power structure that benefits from womens oppressed conditions. The history of womens resistance is complex and rich in the diversity of ways that women have fought back in their specific cultural location and most effective methods for the situation. Lets proceed now using Sumners way of economic thinking. Because of womens specific locations within their societal setting which often varies a great deal from country to country, they are the ones most able to de...

Evaluate Sainsbury plcs financial strategy Essay - 1

Evaluate Sainsbury plcs financial strategy - Essay Example In spite of these speculations, it has risen to be the leader for the last two decades. Sainsbury has relied heavily on equity capital to finance its operations in the recent past. The management consists of the contributors of the needed capital. Being a company based in United Kingdom, where a company with more than 50% of its capital is considered highly geared, the management made a move in the year 2006 to incorporate high level gearing for the following reasons: This is another significant source of funds for Sainsbury Company. This dividend reinvestment plan allows stakeholders to reinvest their cash dividends through purchasing more shares in the market through a significant prearranged share dealing service. No new shares are allotted under this plan. It involves adding more value to the existing ones through a systematic way in order to achieve a balanced portfolio. The price and value of these shares fluctuate in response to the market waves. Stakeholders are fore warned of this possibility because the reinvested dividends in the form of shares may end up with a value or price that is less than the anticipated. Shareholders may then end up getting less than what they invested. Past performance is a guide to clear shareholders doubts and for those who are not sophisticated enough to understand the fir past performance are advised to seek the assistance of professional financial advisors. To aid in understanding of Sainsbury dividend policy, this paper acknowledges the importance of reviewing theories on dividend policies. With empirical research continuously being conducted by scholars on dividend policy, no consensus has ever emerged has scholars continuously keep disagreeing about the same empirical evidence. They all agree that dividend policy refers to management practices in making decisions on the criteria and amount of dividends to be paid to shareholders overtime. However, three dividend policy

Hospitality Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hospitality - Article Example ies became of incredible importance in the businesses, consequently Human Resource organization requirements to be cautiously well thought-out and implemented (Xiao 5). It ought to be able to overcome the effects of the varying earth of work, which advocates that individuals working in the Human Resources Department be alert of the effects of globalization, expertise changes, workforce variety, employment shortages, varying skill necessities, and employee participation. There has been extensive evidence done to determine the major cause that influences customers to return in hotels (Emir & Kozak). Many hotel businesses are undertaking extensive research to determine what may impress the customers and influence them to come back. Many five star hotels have concentrated on facilities they offer and the services they give their customers. The hotels mainly concentrated on reception services and house keeping ensuring their customers received quality services for them to return. Staff education is an important part as well as the major utility of Human Resource supervision and improvement; it is a fundamental path of encouraging staff and rising output in the industry. Through the improvement of the technologies and the entire business surroundings, workers are asked to be extra trained and qualified (Xiao

How shipowners deal with bad freight rates in a shipping recession and Dissertation

How shipowners deal with bad freight rates in a shipping recession and compare liner freight rates with dry bulk freight rates - Dissertation Example There are significant gaps in knowledge research on the Greek maritime shipping industry created by publicly-owned companies and lack of data on operations, pricing, and general business strategies. This study added to the limited domain of knowledge by discovering high dependency in debt, currency, exchange rates, port efficiency and asset value as it relates to price establishment during recessions. The study further identifies low dependency variables related to price-setting during difficult economic periods of recession. Unpredicted phenomenon in this industry was also identified, with a discussion of implications to this maritime shipping industry. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.1 Introduction................................................................................................................... 1.2 Research aims and objectives........................................................................................ 2.0 Literature review........................................... ................................................................. 2.1 Demand and crude oil prices.......................................................................................... ... .................................................................................................................. 2.6 Investment strategies...................................................................................................... 2.7 The competitive marketing environment........................................................................ 2.8 A discussion of knowledge gaps..................................................................................... 3.1 Research methodology.................................................................................................... 3.2 Ethical and other considerations...................................................................................... 4.1 Summary of results.......................................................................................................... 4.2 Presentation of results...................................................................................................... 5.1 Discussion of results........................................................................................................ 5.2 The nature of price setting in maritime industry.............................................................. 6.0 Conclusion........................................................................................................................ References Appendices LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Stability of Crude Oil Shipment Demand................................................... Figure 2: Aframax Tanker Asset Values..................................................................... Figure 3: The Clearing Process of Buyer-Seller FFA Swaps..................................... Figure 4: Mean Questionnaire Scores for High Dependency Variables Related to Pricing

Screening report on either Seven summurai, Wooden Camera or Totsi Essay

Screening report on either Seven summurai, Wooden Camera or Totsi - Essay Example ny films from the analyst’s perspective, we can, without prompting from film critics or historians, begin to understand Kurosawa’s own sense of Japanese nationalism. Perhaps in even more depth, we might gain a sense of what can be described as traditional nationalism. In other words, in his films Kurosawa forefronts the Japanese pre World War II traditions arising out of patriarchal family, honor, humility, and loyalty to Japan’s imperial emperor. There is, too, a great expression of Kurosawa’s sentiment towards the Japanese role in World War II, and the Japanese nuclear holocaust, which brought about an end to the war in the Pacific. His expressions comes through in the director’s choices and use of symbolism, and in contrasting tradition with the move away from tradition, especially the move away from loyalty to the emperor, and towards World War II militaristic governance. This brief analysis, to focus on these elements, we’ll limit that range of focus to just one film, The Samurai Seven. This film embodies Kurosawa’s own sense of traditional nationalism, his sense of his pre and post war culture, and even comments on the Japanese nuclear holocaust. It is important to keep in mind that The Seven Samurai is a post war film. Kurosawa was well received in Japan, even before his great post World War II film career commenced, which was the period for which he is most well known. Sanshiro Sugata was financed in part by the pre World War II Japanese Film Council because, historian David Cook writes, government officials misinterpreted Kurosawa’s metaphoric message, and perceived the film to be useful as propaganda (Cook, 1996, 833). Most of the Japanese filmmaking in the pre World War II era was focused on works that would help move Japan away from imperialism, and toward a military control over the government that was eager to expand Japanese authority and control in East Asia. For the most part, Japanese cinema was very nationalistic, and,

Business Syno (2) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Syno (2) - Essay Example Furthermore, it helped me to understand and evaluate my research and analytical skills. I came through the understanding that it is not easier to write a case study since it requires a thorough understanding of the subject matter (Academic Writing World, 2011). Case studies are generally non-interventive and empathic. Good case studies are often quite reflective (Stake, 1995). While undergoing the case study assignment, I went through several stages in order to get it done. There are different steps that I followed in order to complete the assignment within a stipulated time period. According to Cranfield Business School, there are three stages for learning the case method. They are ‘individual consideration of the case’, ‘discussion in the learning team’ and ‘discussion in the full class’ (Rosier, 1998). While conducting this case study assignment I had gone through various stages. At first, I read the cases in order to gain an overall understa nding of it. After I viewed the questions it became quite difficult for me to get the answers of the questions asked. Therefore, I thought of reading it once again. After reading it twice I got to understand what the questions exactly meant and how they could be answered. Therefore, I learnt that it is essential to read the case study twice in order to get an idea of what the case wants to reveal. My motto was to keep the reader interested in the situation. I decided to arrange for the information, come at the conclusion and reveal the readers adequate information so that they don’t have to work hard. After reading the case study, I decided to search for the related article that has been written before about my case. After having collected maximum information I was perplexed to certain extent since I didn’t know where to fit those answers. In that case I decided to sort out the relevant ones which would be useful to answer my questions. By doing this I could solve the entire question. While conducting the research work I had gone through multifarious theories. However, all theories could not be taken up for the purpose of solving the case study. Only few theories were taken into account (GTTP, 2011). The diagram below shows the stages of the process of case study Question Two I have planned to have a boundary-less career in the near future. Boundary-less career represents work life in modern organisation placing too less emphasis upon the internal boundaries. This type of careers is disconnected from a single employment setting and is segregated from the conventional organisational career arrangements (GreenHaus & Et. Al., 2009). According to my views if anyone has non assets specific skills, then they can pursue boundary-less careers. These types of skills are generally transferable to all the organisations. It is worth mentioning in this regards that the transferable skills are acquired from the colleges and the universities that can be transfe rred in employment. The transferable skills are problem solving, interpersonal skills, teamwork and general communication (Assiter, 1995). Case study analysis has helped me to integrate various transferable skills such as problem solving skills, self management skills, and communication skills and also understanding multi-cultural differences. The study also helped me to properly manage and inculcate my learning’s into application and also to manage various aspects of study module in writing the solution of

Screening report on either Seven summurai, Wooden Camera or Totsi Essay

Screening report on either Seven summurai, Wooden Camera or Totsi - Essay Example ny films from the analyst’s perspective, we can, without prompting from film critics or historians, begin to understand Kurosawa’s own sense of Japanese nationalism. Perhaps in even more depth, we might gain a sense of what can be described as traditional nationalism. In other words, in his films Kurosawa forefronts the Japanese pre World War II traditions arising out of patriarchal family, honor, humility, and loyalty to Japan’s imperial emperor. There is, too, a great expression of Kurosawa’s sentiment towards the Japanese role in World War II, and the Japanese nuclear holocaust, which brought about an end to the war in the Pacific. His expressions comes through in the director’s choices and use of symbolism, and in contrasting tradition with the move away from tradition, especially the move away from loyalty to the emperor, and towards World War II militaristic governance. This brief analysis, to focus on these elements, we’ll limit that range of focus to just one film, The Samurai Seven. This film embodies Kurosawa’s own sense of traditional nationalism, his sense of his pre and post war culture, and even comments on the Japanese nuclear holocaust. It is important to keep in mind that The Seven Samurai is a post war film. Kurosawa was well received in Japan, even before his great post World War II film career commenced, which was the period for which he is most well known. Sanshiro Sugata was financed in part by the pre World War II Japanese Film Council because, historian David Cook writes, government officials misinterpreted Kurosawa’s metaphoric message, and perceived the film to be useful as propaganda (Cook, 1996, 833). Most of the Japanese filmmaking in the pre World War II era was focused on works that would help move Japan away from imperialism, and toward a military control over the government that was eager to expand Japanese authority and control in East Asia. For the most part, Japanese cinema was very nationalistic, and,

Mktg Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Mktg - Essay Example use of recycled material is a strategy that is environmentally friendly because it reduces the need to use natural resources such as petroleum for packaging purposes. Another environmentally friendly packaging strategy is to reduce the amount of packaging material used. Companies can use environmentally friendly raw materials in their packaging process. Firm can also utilize reusable containers. Packaging specifications determined by product density encourage shippers to tender loads in densities that make the best use of the equipment’s weight and volume capabilities. Carrier specifications for protective packaging reduce the likelihood of damage to products while they are being carried. A principle that I found surprising out of the 10 material handling principles discussed in the chapter is the life cycle cost principle. I did not realize that companies have to pay close attention to the useful life of the equipment used for packaging. A second principle that I found surprising was the automation principle. To me automation was a technique that was only used for production purposes. In a fragmented logistic structure logistic activities are managed in multiple departments throughout an organization. A unified logistic structure is different because the logistic functions are handled by a single department. The unified logistic structure is better positioned than the fragmented structure to achieve coordination among the various activities. Relevancy can be facilitated by developing mutually beneficial relationships with key customers. Responsiveness reflects the degree to which an organization can accommodate unique or unplanned customer requests. Flexibility is predicated on avoiding early commitment to an irreversible course of action. One asset related productivity concern involves space utilization, or the percent of available space that is actually being used. Excess capacity can be unproductive because it may result in the purchase of additional

Video game console and Nintendo Essay Example for Free

Video game console and Nintendo Essay Introduction Nintendo company,One of the most recognized names in the history of games. Even that was 120 years before and recent decades years, Nintendo begin company to making the playing card game,but creating video game. In the 60’s,Nintendo was going to produce video games, but after 1985 when Nintendo started to sell Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) and the famous game Super Mario Brothers. Nintendo began to as being the only dominatition in video games,and remained through many years,before Sony had take over the dominatition position by launched the Sony PlayStation . and then Nintendo was being regarded as a recession proposition in the videogame business. As far as we can see,the turning point in 2005, Nintendo introduced the Nintendo DS with a big success. In 2006 Nintendo introduced the Wii and then launched it being the best-selling latest generation console system in the world. Nowdays, Nintendo in the position as being the worldwide leader in the creation of interactive entertainment† with Microsoft and Sony in world’s top3 videogame business. To date, Nintendo has sold more than one billion video games and created so many game console including Game Boy The best selling video game systemgame systems worldwide. 1. What is Nintendo’s strategy? Which of the five generic strategies discussed in Chapter 5 is Nintendo using? What are some of the recent offensive and/or defensive strategies that Nintendo has employed? Have these tactics been successful? Nintendos strategy is based on the customer premise, when other business-to-video game market has yet to be waited and see attitude, and Nintendo in the market demand for in-depth study, the firm entered the field. Nintendo was on the market only a profound understanding of the needs of customers’ game manufacturers. Because it can from the customer needs is the fun of the game This perspective of looking at problems, Nintendo game software was first recognized that the decisive position. This policy eventually develop into a Nintendo game software developers and strategic alliances to achieve this status, Nintendo has played a key role. After have a Nintendo Power books and counselors systems scheme, which are a combination of the two major consumers and Nintendos sticky and agents, but also Nintendos main method to grasp the pulse of customers. In fact, the Nintendo Companys product development plans and marketing strategies is almost entirely dependent from the customer information. We come up the idea that :The broad differentiation strategy is the newly products of Nintendos had generic used ,particularly for Wii ,the broad differentiation strategy that allowed Nintendo to compete with two giant Sony and Microsoft. Nintendo had focus on innovative control system,that leads to rising the fun level of games,instead of to attempting to catch up with the functional advantage concentrated by most competition in game industry . Nintendo focused on developing games and take their Key advantage – gaming fun to winning the battle of game industry. Recently, Nintendo has carried out some offensive strategies to resist with rivals and gain more market share. The company aimed to innovating products and introducing some of the industry’s most astoundingly inventive and financially lucrative gaming products. For instance, Nintendo introduced the Nintendo Dual Screen in 2004. The DS Lite was introduced in 2006 and Wii was introduced in 2008. Nintendo does a number of advertisements with creative advertisement, what make deeply impression on customers. Through the magazines, the company releases the products and attracts game players. Nintendo also has some defensive strategies. Rivals like Sony and Microsoft were calling attention to an assortment of technological capabilities and graphic features in their consoles. Nintendo’s two system including video game consoles and handheld system with light weight electronic devices and designed largely. Rivals required a part of target market. According to this situation, Nintendo attract older people and women as a new market to make sure the sales and reputation for the company. 2. Is it fair to characterize Nintendo’s introduction of the Wii as a blue ocean strategy? Why or why not? Yes,there’s a pure blue ocean strategy initiated in the Nintendo’s Wii,but the Wii’s introduction strategy can not necessarily be characterize as a blue ocean strategy that we considered. Wii’s introduction demonstrated is successful executed the Blue Ocean Strategy,that driven point is the unique interactive â€Å"motion-sensitive† controls,it based on an innovative gaming control system can sense movements and physical activity, gamers should to physically move around to guide the game character,this is an differentiate experience with instinct usability that may rising the fun of gaming,and creating an accessibility for every player of all ages and genders . This new values are created and focused by Wii which instead of the performance value defined by the industry. it allowed Wii to not only compete in the game console industry’s â€Å"red ocean† where has been dominated by Sonys PlayStation and Microsofts Xbox, but also to went after an untapped market,For consumers who are not consider as the typical gamers,as older females, seniors,who never think about gaming,even who consider gaming as a waste of time. it purpose at the entire family. so it as the allegory of name â€Å"wii†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s intended, we- everyone can enjoy it. Wii are also competitive to appealing the traditionally customer targeted by the games industry,we come up the opinion that the blue ocean strategy can reinforcing the competitive strategy acts as a supporting board differention competitive. Wii’s make games for a different purpose,In assessing the standard relative to Microsoft’s Xbox 360, and Sony’s PlayStation 3, and other developers , Wii‘s functional elements as graphics physics, processing power ,and supporting function (as Movie playing) are relatively rare . however it good-enough for moderate gamer,but their virtual controling raising gaming fun to a higher level ,that helps maintained its core gaming audience while aslo their purpose to changing the â€Å"couch-potato†gamer to into exerciser. As a matter of fact, Sony nor Microsoft try to imitated the Wii’s contoling function. to lure away Wiis new customer. All above evidence that it is almost self-explanatory the sucess for Wii’s blue ocean strategy’s. 3. What recommendations would you make to Nintendo to improve its competitiveness in the video game console industry and to maintain its favorable positioning vis-a-vis Microsoft and Sony? Our first recommendation is developing in the competition area that different from Microsoft and Sony. As we know, the main product of Microsoft and Sony is Xbox 360 and Playstation 3. Xbox 360 can mainly fight and talk by the network. PS 3 mainly in high-definition video and audio quality as the characteristics. Therefore, we think Nintendo should be developed in other areas, such as game’s own characterized. They can develop some games that more suitable for players, life and era such as the classic Super Mario, Tetris and other games. Our second recommendations is developing more perfect handheld video game console. Because as Microsoft and Sony’s main game product are Home video game consoles. Many people know Nintendo is because of their product Game Boy. And more young people today do not like to play games at home, they are more like in the car, in the bedroom, or in other free time to relax. So, handheld game consoles is still a huge market, but also because Nintendo has the foundation of Game Boy. So in this regard the development and the customer base is inevitable better than the other competitors. Our third recommendation is to improve the skill of visual quality. What is the value of a game? Obviously, the main the player seeks for is the gameplay, is the creative point of a game that itself has. For this part the Nintendo make a good sense. Nintendos success lies in change and subversion of tradition. But, with the booming technology, the players who are familiar with Maya, 3DMAX are also pay high attention to the quality of the visual. Compare with Sony and Microsoft, Nintendo do not spend so much technology dealing with visual. However, the decoration of a game system such like visual and sound also will be a big attraction. People always enjoy a sense of realism. So if it wants to get a long-term development, it also needs to improve its visual skill even though Nintendo do not rely on visual to win the profit. Our final recommendation is expansion of market in China. As we see, China who has large number of population can be a Potential Unit for almost all industry, of cause for game. It can be a good market for Nintendo we believe. To extend the Chinese market, Nintendo can consider about increasing the Chinese language interface to get closer to Chinese people. They also need to offer a good after sale service in china. We recognize that the after sale service of Nintendo in Asia except Japan is limited. In order to fit the Chinas specific conditions, Nintendo can introduce more educational and recreational games and let the parents willing to buy. In a word, making more efforts in these recommendations, Nintendo may have a long term development in the future we believe.

Mobile Messaging System Development for Higher Education

Mobile Messaging System Development for Higher Education Overview Mobiles are one of the most versatile electronics in the present scenario. It constantly keeps us connected with our near ones even when we are travelling out of our city or to another country. It reduces our tension and gives us feel as we are in home. The biggest advantage of mobile phones is they keep you connected. The developer tries to use this advantage in educational institution such as a college to bring down the interaction gap between management, teachers and students. 1.1 Topic: Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System 1.2 Purpose of the situation Everyone in this world wants to do the work at their fingertips. Mobile is best suitable solution to the problem. It minimizes our burdens (example reminder helps us from remembering all the birthdays, meeting etc). It also gives easier access to the internet anytime, anywhere. There is no doughty that our mobile has made our life a lot convenient. One can interact with anyone, anytime from anywhere through mobile. However there are limitations to it. What if a student wants to consult with a teacher for clearing dough about any topic when he is out for an interview? Generally teachers do not give their cell number to all students. What if a student wants to reserve a book from his college library when he is in the way to college? There may be a situation when college wants to inform all students about urgent information, but some of the student might not be present in the college. Suppose a student is in railway station and wants to confirm about the examination timetable for reserv ing railway seat to his home in the vacations. How can he confirm that? Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System (SCSMS) is a solution to make our life further one more step simpler and increase the services provided by the mobile to the next level. It is being developed mainly for an educational institute such as colleges. The main aim of the system is to reduce the communication gape between student, faculty and management. The Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System is a mobile application which can be used from anywhere. Through Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System we can fix consultation, get news and lattà ©s updates, reserve library books, check library lone, download e-book from library etc. The student will be able to do lots of thing which they could not do if they were not in college so the application will increase the freedom of the student. 1.3 Target Reader As the application will be for educational institution like colleges the targeted reader will be:- Students: Students will be the most targeted user as they will be the most frequent user. The system is being designed keeping this thing in mind. Most of the features of the application revolve around the student. Teachers: Teachers will be seconde most frequent user. They will use the system mainly to assist the students. They will also use the system to deliver important information and news to the student. Management: The complete system will be maintained by the management. They will be the system administrator. It will be the job of management to create, delete and manage accounts. Moreover management can also send news to the students. 1.4 Topic Background In today’s scenario the whole world is sifting to the mobile application. It is known third wave in computer evolution series. With over 3 billion mobile users today, mobile devices have become the most ubiquitous communications medium in the hands of the consumers [2]. Mobile application developmentis quite an active arena today, much due to the popularity and increasing demand of mobile phones. Its growing popularity from several years is making the users more and more enthusiastic [3]. Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System is a system which make work easy and more interactive, it is the solution provider and making task simple and easier. 1.5 Problem Context Any information is information if it is timely; else, it is of no use. It really becomes a thing to be concerned about when there is a communication gap in any institution. As we all know, today’s era is of Ubiquitous Computing; anytime anywhere. So the system could be used from anywhere and anytime. The present system which is being used by the college is a web based system. To us the system we need a computer or a laptop. So it restrict us as, it is very tough to find a computer with internet working on it, every time we need to use the system. At that particular moment of time the current system is of no use of we are not able to get an internet connected computer or laptop. Due to this limitation we are not able to remain connected with the institution (college). Even if we open it through the mobile browser it is extremely tough for us to navigate the website which is made for high resolution computer or laptop screen in the limited size display of a mobile. Apart from this we require many more functionality which is not present in the present working system. Suppose a notice comes for any student in his class. But he was not in the class. There is no option it the present system to inform such student automatically. We need to manually call or send SMS to inform him or tell the student’s friend to inform him. As a result many time the information even do not rich the concerned student at time. Hence lot of effort is required, lot of time is wasted and productivity decreases. Loot of work is done manually. So accuracy is also decreased. 1.6 Rationale The system is being made in order to provide solution to lots of problem faced by the college. It will improve the information process of the college. Let us take a real life example of our college. â€Å"The students were at home after completing their even semester. The college was reopening at the end of July. However the last date for depositing semester fee was near about 15th of July. Students were not aware about last date of fee deposition, as a result 90% of the student was fined for late fee submission.† Had the SCSMS been implemented this ambiguity could had been solved just by informing the entire student by sending a message two to three weeks before the last date. There are many tangible and intangible advantages which we can get from the proposed system. Tangible benefits: The first and the foremost advantage of the proposed system is that it reduces the communication gap between students, teachers and management. To fix a consultation we do not need to go to the teacher and roam here and there to searching teacher if teacher is not present in his/her office. This could be done just by pressing few buttons on the mobile. Important information could be delivered to the concerned people at time so that no ambiguity can arise. It will make the work smoother were work could be done just by pressing few buttons. So the system would reduce so much of stress from user head. It will make things lot simpler and reduce human effort. Anyone who wants to use the system can use it easily on his/her mobile, as the system is dedicatedly made for the mobile. As there will not be communication gap so productivity will automatically increase. Intangible benefits: It will provide security to the user. If we log on to the present used system (which is a web based application) through other’s computer or laptop, our account may get hacked as there may be spyware like password catcher installed in it. It will save wastage of money, as student does not need to move to cyber cafe to use the system. SCSMS will reduce the wastage of time in searching cyber cafà ©. It will increase the knowledge of the student. The discussion forum will help to increase the knowledge of the student. It will make the student comfortable in technical round of the placement process. The student can take test of technical round to practice through the proposed system. It will remove the biased process in any polling. As through the proposed system will do it automatically. 1.7 Objectives of System Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System is an automated mobile application. The system communicates with the user and provides the complete information as the user in intended to view. It will reduce the communication gap between student and teachers and management. The application is being developed so that the user does not need to move to any new place to do the work. The main objectives of the system are: The proposed system will reduces communication gap between management, teachers and students. The various features such as news alert, messaging system, and m-consultation will reduce the communication gap. The application will provide ‘ease to express to mass of students’ with messaging service. So the information can easily wide spread to a bulk of student keeping them updated about what is going on in the college. Save time: The proposed system will enable student to fix consultation through their mobile. The student can also reserve book from their college library through the proposed system from anywhere around without going to the library there by reduces wastage of time. Increased productivity: As the proposed system will reduce the communication gap among management, teacher, student and keeps them updated so that everyone will be able to perform on the latest scenario, optimizing the productivity. Save wastage of money: As the present system, which is being used by the college is a web based system. So the students have to search a cyber cafà © each time they want to access some information. However the proposed system adds a solution to it, as it is a mobile application it can be accessed from any ware through our mobile. Reduces human effort: The proposed system will reduce human effort in many ways. The student will not have to go to the teacher to fix consultation. The student will not need to go to library to reserve a book. They can do this just by pressing few buttons of their mobile. Ends ambiguity: The proposed system has feature to communicate information to the masses. So the student will be updated with the latest news giving no place to ambiguity to arise. Increase Freedom: According to Bill Gates â€Å"Im a great believer that any tool that enhances communication has profound effects in terms of how people can learn from each other, and how they can achieve the kind of freedoms that theyre interested in†. The proposed system will reduce the restriction from the students and increase their freedom. Improve accuracy: The proposed system is an automatic system hence it will reduce the accuracy removing the silly mistakes made by human. 1.8 Functionality of System The functionality of the system is divided into three different categories: core functionality, enhanced functionality and special functionality. Core functionalities: Automatically fix consultation if the teacher and student both are ready and this time is not allocated to any other student: First of all the student requests for consultation to the specific teacher. The message is automatically send to the teacher with suggested time when teacher is not having any class or other meeting. However the teacher can change the time according to his/her wish. Now this time is set as consultation hour and message is sent to both teacher and student about it. View attendance summary: The student can see the attendance summery from anywhere anytime. View result of exams: As soon as the result is declared a message is forwarded to the student informing him about the result. Now the student can view the result if he/she wishes. Check library lone, fine: Student can check name of the book that he borrowed from library. He can also find if there is any fine on him. Class time table and Exam time table: whenever the class timetable will be changed the new timetable will be forwarded to the entire student. Student can also view exam timetable whenever declared. News alert: the student can get the latest news in their cell. Enhanced functionalities: Get attendance alert:- The student will get attendance alert whenever he will cross the boundary line of attendance such as 3, 6, 9. Reserve a book: the student will be able to reserve the library book right from his home sleeping in his bed. Download books: the student can download the e-book and read anywhere he wants. Quick Polling: It will be used to quick poll and find the eligible candidate for any post such as class representative. Discussion Forum: the students can discus over any topic in the discussion forum. Special functionalities: Student can have e- consultation via chatting: the student can have e-consultation by chatting to work out small problems. Aptitude and technical test: student can take test to maser themselves where they stand. It will contain mainly multiple choice questions. Download the application through Bluetooth: any intended student can download the proposed application by moving to a particular place and download the application to his mobile. Scope and deliverables: Identification of the scope of the project should be done before developing the system. This allows the developer to know the boundary of the system. So that all the issues related to success of the project can be cleared. It is a fact that no system can be perfect or with no limitation. SCSMS also has some boundaries which add a slate limitation to its scope. Detailed scope of the project has been mentioned below: Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System is meant to solve large variety of problems faced. It will reduce the communication gap, reduces time wasting, and reduces human effort and increases performance and accuracy. However there is little limitation to it as well. Limitations of the scope: It will need GPRS facility to work. So by any reason the internet do not work the system will not work. It will run only in java supporting mobiles. Although most of the popular like Nokia, Sony Ericsson, Samsung, Motorola, Apple iPhone etc. are J2ME enabled but there are some exception like older versions of Blackberry. As the system works on client server architecture, so if the server goes down the entire system will clash. It will be used parallel with a website where functionality which requires lot of things to be displayed can be preformed such as marking system. Chapter 2 Problem Description â€Å"Our problems are man-made; therefore they may be solved by man. No problem of human destiny is beyond human beings†. John F. Kennedy 2.1 Problem Description Proposed Solution The primary aim of the proposed system is to reduce the communication gap between management, teachers and student and act as a communication channel between them. In the present scenario lot of work is done manually. It requires lot of human effort, time so the end result is not satisfactory. Suppose a student wants to fix a consultation with a teacher. He reaches to the office of the teacher but the teacher was not there. The student stood by the door for 10 min and then went back. After half n hour the student again came but the teacher was not in his office. The student get annoyed went back to his home. So at the end, complete one hour was just a west. There are many more problems faced by the system which is listed below. Most of the problems present in the current system raised because the current system in a website. Many problems are faced as the current system does not have solution to all the features. These problems can be solved through developing a mobile application an d increasing the functionality. Below is a list of problem along with the proposed solution: Problem: To fix a consultation student need to go to the teacher then and get a time and need to come back for consultation on the date and time as fixed by teacher. So lots of time consuming, manual work has to be done. Proposed Solution: Automatic consultation fixer has been proposed in the proposed system. In this module whenever a student will request teacher for consultation through his mobile, the request will be forwarded to the teacher. As soon as the teacher will approve the request a proposed time will be generated by going through the timetable of the student and teacher. The consultation will be fixed when teacher accept it. Problem: As the consultation is fixed manually so the time of consultation may collide with other students’ time. Proposed Solution: The time once allotted a student by Automatic consultation fixer will never be allotted to other student. So there is no chance that time gets collided. Problem: If student or teacher wants to cancel the consultation then there is no way to inform other. Proposed Solution: Automatic consultation fixer will have feature to cancel consultation. As soon as teacher or student cancels consultation, a message will be forwarded to other one. Problem: Some student are of shy and feel uncomfortable in asking problems with teacher, so they will not be able to consult teacher regarding any problem. Proposed Solution: Even the shy students can have consultation through the proposed system. There will be a feature for m-consultation where students can consult with teacher via chatting through mobile without paying any charge for SMS. Problem: If a student in not in college then he cannot reserve a book from a library. Proposed Solution: In the proposed system the application will have a feature of reserving a book form library from anywhere in this world through our mobile having GPRS connectivity. Problem: The student cannot use library resources when they are not college. Proposed Solution: In the proposed system the application will have a feature of downloading e-books form library through student’s mobile. Problem: If a student is out of the college then there is no way to remain connected with the college for latest news updates such news of visit of any company for placement. Proposed Solution: In the proposed system the application will have a feature of news alert where management or teacher can inform the latest news alert directly to the students mobile. Problem: There is no way to view the class or examination timetable right from the students’ home. Proposed Solution: Student can also view the class or examination timetable right from the students’ home through the proposed system. Problem: The present system does not have any criteria to conduct polling for any post. Polling is done manually so the final output can be biased. Proposed Solution: Polling has also been added to the system so the result produced by the pool is not biased and more and more student takes part in the poll. Problem: As now a day the demand of aptitude test is at climax but the present system fails to deliver any such facility. Proposed Solution: Keeping the demand of aptitude test and student’s need a module for aptitude test module has also been added. Chapter 3 Literature Review 3.1 Domain Research 3.1.1 Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System 3.1.2 Major components that should be present in smart consultation scheduler and mobile messaging system 3.2 Research on Similar System 3.3 Architecture of the System 3.1 Domain Research: 3.1.1 Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System In the today’s world scenario everyone wish to perform work and task at their fingertip. And mobile is the device which allows them to fulfill their wish more effectively and efficiently. Mobile is the most usable device now days because of lots of benefits attached to it. Mobile is helpful in various ways, it give all the information, news ,events etc and make people aware of things to do and things to remember. Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System is a system which make work easy and more interactive, it is the solution provider and making task simple and easier. This system is based on the college management automation system. The application developed is an automated application suite of Institute or college administration including student information, employee information, library, fees managing, student information, subject, time table, student attendance, marks, discipline, performance etc. It permits the user to retrieve, manipulate and present student data in a meaningful and user friendly manner, generating reports dynamically. Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System totally work like college automation system but it off with latest technology and of wider use. This provides various facilities of college online. The main goal and aim of this system is to reduce communication gap between student, faculties and also management. The Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System is an application to which you can use it from anywhere with your mobile. Through Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System we can fix consultation, get news and lattà ©s updates, reserve library books, check library lone, download e-book from library etc. Present systems is web based and this Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System is mobile service which is more effective and fast and more beneficial. 3.1.2 Major components that should be present in smart consultation scheduler and mobile messaging system As mobile is the most usable device all over the world now. Everyone wants to access everything on their mobile. Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System is such an application which can be used anywhere from their mobile. This system include following components: Attendance system for the students The student can see the attendance summery from anywhere anytime. Result of the students- As soon as the result is declared a message is forwarded to the student informing him about the result. Now the student can view the result if he wishes. Online Library Student can check name of the book that he borrowed from library. He can also find if there is any fine on him. Automating Consultation with the teacher (for students), head of the organization and among staff (for staffs)- Automatically fix consultation if the teacher and student both are ready and this time is not allocated to any other student .A student can also take consultation via mean of m chatting. Class time table and Exam time table. Whenever the class timetable will be changed the new timetable will be forwarded to the entire student. Student can also view exam timetable whenever declared. News alert- There will be facility of sending news to all the students and also to the faculties. Online Polling- There is another feature of online polling, where student can poll about any event. Aptitude Test- Student can give aptitude test from their mobile and can improve their problem solving skill. 3.2 Research on Similar System Research is a method or practice which direct toward the increase of knowledge, the major goal of research is to gain vast knowledge with the better understanding of the project under study.Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System is also a solution to make our life further one step simpler. It will be mainly for an educational institute such as colleges. The main aim of the system is to reduce the communication gap between student, faculty and management. The similar kind of system in today’s scenario are limiting and lacking in various features. Therefore to make â€Å"Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System† more efficient it is necessary to compare it with existing system. Take an example of Webspace of APIIT SD INDIA. In this Webspace there are many functionalities still it lacking behind the â€Å"Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System†. In the current Webspace there is no option to take consultation hour with faculty online. And there is not a feature of aptitude test online polling. The present system does not have any criteria to conduct polling for any post and as now a day the demand of aptitude test is at climax but the present system fails to deliver any such facility. Or also not any feature of class and exam time schedule. In this way this similar system is far behind in functionalities as compared to the proposed system. And on the basis of above mentioned research it has been conclude that propose system have much better functionality and features than existing system. Conclusion on the basisof research which has been carried out above it has been clear that â€Å"Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System† is more effective, more functional and efficient as compared to the existing system. This system will make various tasks of college easier and will make them more interactive. It will save time get waste in taking consultation hour through mobile and it will give news about any event or about anything immediately. This system will be helpful and quite handful for the student and faculties. 3.3 Architecture of the System Architecture of the â€Å"Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System† system is 3-Tier Client/Server Architecture. 3-tier application is organized into three major disjunctive tiers on layers. Client Tier (made in J2ME) Application Tier (made in J2EE) Database Tier (MySQL) Benefits of using 3-Tier architecture are mentioned below: Main benefit of 3-Tier architecture is that any other tier can be replaced without affecting the other tiers. For example if the developer finds any bug in calculating fine, only J2EE application page to calculate fine need to be changed without changing J2ME client application. Improved security as it is implemented at multiple levels. If we uses direct communication between the database and the mobile application. Database name, password can be extracted and then the hacker can do anything even can delete the database. Only valid data is allowed to be updated in the database and the risk of a scoundrel client application corrupting data is removed. As the database will be at the server and only authorized person will have the username and password to access it. Improved data integrity. As the database will be at the server so every user will use same database. Hence data integrity will be improved. It has improved scalability because the application servers can be deploying on many machines [5]. Even the number of user will be increased the web application can be deployed on multiple server to support this large chunk of users. Chapter 4 Research Methods â€Å"Research is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought† Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Overview: 4.1 Primary Research 4.2 Secondary Research 4.3 Academic Research 4.4 Technical Research 4.4.1 Programming Environment Research 4.4.2 Database Research 4.5 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE 4.1 Primary Research Primary research involves gettingoriginal datadirectly from the user about the product or market [4]. It is the initial research that is done during the development of a system. The primary objective of the primary research is to gather preliminary information which could support the designing of the application. So it is fundamental step, in order to continue with development of the application. Along with this, primary research is also used to gather user requirements on the system being developed and to estimate the feasibility of the proposed system. Primary research is done with the direct involvement of the targeted reader. There are many techniques to carry out primary research such as Questionnaires, Interview, Brain Storming, Onsite observation, Pilot study, Focus Group etc. However the developer have used questionnaire to perform primary research. Questionnaires It is a method of gathering information from a group of individuals using identical procedures for each person. Questionnaireis a data collection tool in which written questions are presented that are to be answered by the respondents in written form. The questionnaires are to be distributed to the student of a college who are using similar type of system. These students can suggest the good feature present in the system and the limitation in the present system which they are using. Justification: The target readers are already using simpler type of system having few of the functionality as the proposed system have. So users are aware about it up to some extent and they know what they want and what they do not. The proposed system is made for large group of user. Questionnaire makes the work easy as it can be conducted on a group of individuals using identical procedure. There are three types of questionnaire depending on type of user; Students, Teachers and administrator. Sample Questioner Dear Respondent: The developer is a Final Year Degree student from Asia Pacific Institute of Information Technology who is currently doing a Final Year Project which entitled Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System. The main purpose of the system is to reduce the communication gap between management and teacher and student by reaching to their cell phones. The system will help the student and teacher to fix consultation automatically by suggesting a time when both of them are free through checking the timetable of student and teacher. With the help of this mobile application the student can reserve a book from library or check for fine, issued book on his account. Management can send the latest news or information about any meeting directly to the student’s cell. The student can check attendance summery, result, examination and class timetable through this system. Student can go for an aptitude or similar test having multiple options to verify their level. However these featur es can be moderated depending on your response. So your response is highly important for me. As you are part of such institution and familiar with such system so you can help us in defining the structure or functionality of the system. These questionnaires will not take more than 5 minutes of your time. It is having objective type question where you need to check one or more option or write one/few words depending on the question. The questionnaire does not contain any such emotional or personal question. However the information provided by you will not be disclosed to anyone. Even if the developer needs to be share, it will not be done without your permission. Thank you a lot for participating. Please proceed further to the questionnaire section. PERSONAL INFORMATION Name _____________________________________________________ E-Mail _____________________________________________________ Questionnaires (for student) 1. Have you come across Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System (SCSMS) or similar application? [ ] Yes [ ] No If yes plea Mobile Messaging System Development for Higher Education Mobile Messaging System Development for Higher Education Overview Mobiles are one of the most versatile electronics in the present scenario. It constantly keeps us connected with our near ones even when we are travelling out of our city or to another country. It reduces our tension and gives us feel as we are in home. The biggest advantage of mobile phones is they keep you connected. The developer tries to use this advantage in educational institution such as a college to bring down the interaction gap between management, teachers and students. 1.1 Topic: Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System 1.2 Purpose of the situation Everyone in this world wants to do the work at their fingertips. Mobile is best suitable solution to the problem. It minimizes our burdens (example reminder helps us from remembering all the birthdays, meeting etc). It also gives easier access to the internet anytime, anywhere. There is no doughty that our mobile has made our life a lot convenient. One can interact with anyone, anytime from anywhere through mobile. However there are limitations to it. What if a student wants to consult with a teacher for clearing dough about any topic when he is out for an interview? Generally teachers do not give their cell number to all students. What if a student wants to reserve a book from his college library when he is in the way to college? There may be a situation when college wants to inform all students about urgent information, but some of the student might not be present in the college. Suppose a student is in railway station and wants to confirm about the examination timetable for reserv ing railway seat to his home in the vacations. How can he confirm that? Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System (SCSMS) is a solution to make our life further one more step simpler and increase the services provided by the mobile to the next level. It is being developed mainly for an educational institute such as colleges. The main aim of the system is to reduce the communication gape between student, faculty and management. The Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System is a mobile application which can be used from anywhere. Through Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System we can fix consultation, get news and lattà ©s updates, reserve library books, check library lone, download e-book from library etc. The student will be able to do lots of thing which they could not do if they were not in college so the application will increase the freedom of the student. 1.3 Target Reader As the application will be for educational institution like colleges the targeted reader will be:- Students: Students will be the most targeted user as they will be the most frequent user. The system is being designed keeping this thing in mind. Most of the features of the application revolve around the student. Teachers: Teachers will be seconde most frequent user. They will use the system mainly to assist the students. They will also use the system to deliver important information and news to the student. Management: The complete system will be maintained by the management. They will be the system administrator. It will be the job of management to create, delete and manage accounts. Moreover management can also send news to the students. 1.4 Topic Background In today’s scenario the whole world is sifting to the mobile application. It is known third wave in computer evolution series. With over 3 billion mobile users today, mobile devices have become the most ubiquitous communications medium in the hands of the consumers [2]. Mobile application developmentis quite an active arena today, much due to the popularity and increasing demand of mobile phones. Its growing popularity from several years is making the users more and more enthusiastic [3]. Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System is a system which make work easy and more interactive, it is the solution provider and making task simple and easier. 1.5 Problem Context Any information is information if it is timely; else, it is of no use. It really becomes a thing to be concerned about when there is a communication gap in any institution. As we all know, today’s era is of Ubiquitous Computing; anytime anywhere. So the system could be used from anywhere and anytime. The present system which is being used by the college is a web based system. To us the system we need a computer or a laptop. So it restrict us as, it is very tough to find a computer with internet working on it, every time we need to use the system. At that particular moment of time the current system is of no use of we are not able to get an internet connected computer or laptop. Due to this limitation we are not able to remain connected with the institution (college). Even if we open it through the mobile browser it is extremely tough for us to navigate the website which is made for high resolution computer or laptop screen in the limited size display of a mobile. Apart from this we require many more functionality which is not present in the present working system. Suppose a notice comes for any student in his class. But he was not in the class. There is no option it the present system to inform such student automatically. We need to manually call or send SMS to inform him or tell the student’s friend to inform him. As a result many time the information even do not rich the concerned student at time. Hence lot of effort is required, lot of time is wasted and productivity decreases. Loot of work is done manually. So accuracy is also decreased. 1.6 Rationale The system is being made in order to provide solution to lots of problem faced by the college. It will improve the information process of the college. Let us take a real life example of our college. â€Å"The students were at home after completing their even semester. The college was reopening at the end of July. However the last date for depositing semester fee was near about 15th of July. Students were not aware about last date of fee deposition, as a result 90% of the student was fined for late fee submission.† Had the SCSMS been implemented this ambiguity could had been solved just by informing the entire student by sending a message two to three weeks before the last date. There are many tangible and intangible advantages which we can get from the proposed system. Tangible benefits: The first and the foremost advantage of the proposed system is that it reduces the communication gap between students, teachers and management. To fix a consultation we do not need to go to the teacher and roam here and there to searching teacher if teacher is not present in his/her office. This could be done just by pressing few buttons on the mobile. Important information could be delivered to the concerned people at time so that no ambiguity can arise. It will make the work smoother were work could be done just by pressing few buttons. So the system would reduce so much of stress from user head. It will make things lot simpler and reduce human effort. Anyone who wants to use the system can use it easily on his/her mobile, as the system is dedicatedly made for the mobile. As there will not be communication gap so productivity will automatically increase. Intangible benefits: It will provide security to the user. If we log on to the present used system (which is a web based application) through other’s computer or laptop, our account may get hacked as there may be spyware like password catcher installed in it. It will save wastage of money, as student does not need to move to cyber cafe to use the system. SCSMS will reduce the wastage of time in searching cyber cafà ©. It will increase the knowledge of the student. The discussion forum will help to increase the knowledge of the student. It will make the student comfortable in technical round of the placement process. The student can take test of technical round to practice through the proposed system. It will remove the biased process in any polling. As through the proposed system will do it automatically. 1.7 Objectives of System Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System is an automated mobile application. The system communicates with the user and provides the complete information as the user in intended to view. It will reduce the communication gap between student and teachers and management. The application is being developed so that the user does not need to move to any new place to do the work. The main objectives of the system are: The proposed system will reduces communication gap between management, teachers and students. The various features such as news alert, messaging system, and m-consultation will reduce the communication gap. The application will provide ‘ease to express to mass of students’ with messaging service. So the information can easily wide spread to a bulk of student keeping them updated about what is going on in the college. Save time: The proposed system will enable student to fix consultation through their mobile. The student can also reserve book from their college library through the proposed system from anywhere around without going to the library there by reduces wastage of time. Increased productivity: As the proposed system will reduce the communication gap among management, teacher, student and keeps them updated so that everyone will be able to perform on the latest scenario, optimizing the productivity. Save wastage of money: As the present system, which is being used by the college is a web based system. So the students have to search a cyber cafà © each time they want to access some information. However the proposed system adds a solution to it, as it is a mobile application it can be accessed from any ware through our mobile. Reduces human effort: The proposed system will reduce human effort in many ways. The student will not have to go to the teacher to fix consultation. The student will not need to go to library to reserve a book. They can do this just by pressing few buttons of their mobile. Ends ambiguity: The proposed system has feature to communicate information to the masses. So the student will be updated with the latest news giving no place to ambiguity to arise. Increase Freedom: According to Bill Gates â€Å"Im a great believer that any tool that enhances communication has profound effects in terms of how people can learn from each other, and how they can achieve the kind of freedoms that theyre interested in†. The proposed system will reduce the restriction from the students and increase their freedom. Improve accuracy: The proposed system is an automatic system hence it will reduce the accuracy removing the silly mistakes made by human. 1.8 Functionality of System The functionality of the system is divided into three different categories: core functionality, enhanced functionality and special functionality. Core functionalities: Automatically fix consultation if the teacher and student both are ready and this time is not allocated to any other student: First of all the student requests for consultation to the specific teacher. The message is automatically send to the teacher with suggested time when teacher is not having any class or other meeting. However the teacher can change the time according to his/her wish. Now this time is set as consultation hour and message is sent to both teacher and student about it. View attendance summary: The student can see the attendance summery from anywhere anytime. View result of exams: As soon as the result is declared a message is forwarded to the student informing him about the result. Now the student can view the result if he/she wishes. Check library lone, fine: Student can check name of the book that he borrowed from library. He can also find if there is any fine on him. Class time table and Exam time table: whenever the class timetable will be changed the new timetable will be forwarded to the entire student. Student can also view exam timetable whenever declared. News alert: the student can get the latest news in their cell. Enhanced functionalities: Get attendance alert:- The student will get attendance alert whenever he will cross the boundary line of attendance such as 3, 6, 9. Reserve a book: the student will be able to reserve the library book right from his home sleeping in his bed. Download books: the student can download the e-book and read anywhere he wants. Quick Polling: It will be used to quick poll and find the eligible candidate for any post such as class representative. Discussion Forum: the students can discus over any topic in the discussion forum. Special functionalities: Student can have e- consultation via chatting: the student can have e-consultation by chatting to work out small problems. Aptitude and technical test: student can take test to maser themselves where they stand. It will contain mainly multiple choice questions. Download the application through Bluetooth: any intended student can download the proposed application by moving to a particular place and download the application to his mobile. Scope and deliverables: Identification of the scope of the project should be done before developing the system. This allows the developer to know the boundary of the system. So that all the issues related to success of the project can be cleared. It is a fact that no system can be perfect or with no limitation. SCSMS also has some boundaries which add a slate limitation to its scope. Detailed scope of the project has been mentioned below: Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System is meant to solve large variety of problems faced. It will reduce the communication gap, reduces time wasting, and reduces human effort and increases performance and accuracy. However there is little limitation to it as well. Limitations of the scope: It will need GPRS facility to work. So by any reason the internet do not work the system will not work. It will run only in java supporting mobiles. Although most of the popular like Nokia, Sony Ericsson, Samsung, Motorola, Apple iPhone etc. are J2ME enabled but there are some exception like older versions of Blackberry. As the system works on client server architecture, so if the server goes down the entire system will clash. It will be used parallel with a website where functionality which requires lot of things to be displayed can be preformed such as marking system. Chapter 2 Problem Description â€Å"Our problems are man-made; therefore they may be solved by man. No problem of human destiny is beyond human beings†. John F. Kennedy 2.1 Problem Description Proposed Solution The primary aim of the proposed system is to reduce the communication gap between management, teachers and student and act as a communication channel between them. In the present scenario lot of work is done manually. It requires lot of human effort, time so the end result is not satisfactory. Suppose a student wants to fix a consultation with a teacher. He reaches to the office of the teacher but the teacher was not there. The student stood by the door for 10 min and then went back. After half n hour the student again came but the teacher was not in his office. The student get annoyed went back to his home. So at the end, complete one hour was just a west. There are many more problems faced by the system which is listed below. Most of the problems present in the current system raised because the current system in a website. Many problems are faced as the current system does not have solution to all the features. These problems can be solved through developing a mobile application an d increasing the functionality. Below is a list of problem along with the proposed solution: Problem: To fix a consultation student need to go to the teacher then and get a time and need to come back for consultation on the date and time as fixed by teacher. So lots of time consuming, manual work has to be done. Proposed Solution: Automatic consultation fixer has been proposed in the proposed system. In this module whenever a student will request teacher for consultation through his mobile, the request will be forwarded to the teacher. As soon as the teacher will approve the request a proposed time will be generated by going through the timetable of the student and teacher. The consultation will be fixed when teacher accept it. Problem: As the consultation is fixed manually so the time of consultation may collide with other students’ time. Proposed Solution: The time once allotted a student by Automatic consultation fixer will never be allotted to other student. So there is no chance that time gets collided. Problem: If student or teacher wants to cancel the consultation then there is no way to inform other. Proposed Solution: Automatic consultation fixer will have feature to cancel consultation. As soon as teacher or student cancels consultation, a message will be forwarded to other one. Problem: Some student are of shy and feel uncomfortable in asking problems with teacher, so they will not be able to consult teacher regarding any problem. Proposed Solution: Even the shy students can have consultation through the proposed system. There will be a feature for m-consultation where students can consult with teacher via chatting through mobile without paying any charge for SMS. Problem: If a student in not in college then he cannot reserve a book from a library. Proposed Solution: In the proposed system the application will have a feature of reserving a book form library from anywhere in this world through our mobile having GPRS connectivity. Problem: The student cannot use library resources when they are not college. Proposed Solution: In the proposed system the application will have a feature of downloading e-books form library through student’s mobile. Problem: If a student is out of the college then there is no way to remain connected with the college for latest news updates such news of visit of any company for placement. Proposed Solution: In the proposed system the application will have a feature of news alert where management or teacher can inform the latest news alert directly to the students mobile. Problem: There is no way to view the class or examination timetable right from the students’ home. Proposed Solution: Student can also view the class or examination timetable right from the students’ home through the proposed system. Problem: The present system does not have any criteria to conduct polling for any post. Polling is done manually so the final output can be biased. Proposed Solution: Polling has also been added to the system so the result produced by the pool is not biased and more and more student takes part in the poll. Problem: As now a day the demand of aptitude test is at climax but the present system fails to deliver any such facility. Proposed Solution: Keeping the demand of aptitude test and student’s need a module for aptitude test module has also been added. Chapter 3 Literature Review 3.1 Domain Research 3.1.1 Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System 3.1.2 Major components that should be present in smart consultation scheduler and mobile messaging system 3.2 Research on Similar System 3.3 Architecture of the System 3.1 Domain Research: 3.1.1 Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System In the today’s world scenario everyone wish to perform work and task at their fingertip. And mobile is the device which allows them to fulfill their wish more effectively and efficiently. Mobile is the most usable device now days because of lots of benefits attached to it. Mobile is helpful in various ways, it give all the information, news ,events etc and make people aware of things to do and things to remember. Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System is a system which make work easy and more interactive, it is the solution provider and making task simple and easier. This system is based on the college management automation system. The application developed is an automated application suite of Institute or college administration including student information, employee information, library, fees managing, student information, subject, time table, student attendance, marks, discipline, performance etc. It permits the user to retrieve, manipulate and present student data in a meaningful and user friendly manner, generating reports dynamically. Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System totally work like college automation system but it off with latest technology and of wider use. This provides various facilities of college online. The main goal and aim of this system is to reduce communication gap between student, faculties and also management. The Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System is an application to which you can use it from anywhere with your mobile. Through Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System we can fix consultation, get news and lattà ©s updates, reserve library books, check library lone, download e-book from library etc. Present systems is web based and this Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System is mobile service which is more effective and fast and more beneficial. 3.1.2 Major components that should be present in smart consultation scheduler and mobile messaging system As mobile is the most usable device all over the world now. Everyone wants to access everything on their mobile. Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System is such an application which can be used anywhere from their mobile. This system include following components: Attendance system for the students The student can see the attendance summery from anywhere anytime. Result of the students- As soon as the result is declared a message is forwarded to the student informing him about the result. Now the student can view the result if he wishes. Online Library Student can check name of the book that he borrowed from library. He can also find if there is any fine on him. Automating Consultation with the teacher (for students), head of the organization and among staff (for staffs)- Automatically fix consultation if the teacher and student both are ready and this time is not allocated to any other student .A student can also take consultation via mean of m chatting. Class time table and Exam time table. Whenever the class timetable will be changed the new timetable will be forwarded to the entire student. Student can also view exam timetable whenever declared. News alert- There will be facility of sending news to all the students and also to the faculties. Online Polling- There is another feature of online polling, where student can poll about any event. Aptitude Test- Student can give aptitude test from their mobile and can improve their problem solving skill. 3.2 Research on Similar System Research is a method or practice which direct toward the increase of knowledge, the major goal of research is to gain vast knowledge with the better understanding of the project under study.Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System is also a solution to make our life further one step simpler. It will be mainly for an educational institute such as colleges. The main aim of the system is to reduce the communication gap between student, faculty and management. The similar kind of system in today’s scenario are limiting and lacking in various features. Therefore to make â€Å"Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System† more efficient it is necessary to compare it with existing system. Take an example of Webspace of APIIT SD INDIA. In this Webspace there are many functionalities still it lacking behind the â€Å"Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System†. In the current Webspace there is no option to take consultation hour with faculty online. And there is not a feature of aptitude test online polling. The present system does not have any criteria to conduct polling for any post and as now a day the demand of aptitude test is at climax but the present system fails to deliver any such facility. Or also not any feature of class and exam time schedule. In this way this similar system is far behind in functionalities as compared to the proposed system. And on the basis of above mentioned research it has been conclude that propose system have much better functionality and features than existing system. Conclusion on the basisof research which has been carried out above it has been clear that â€Å"Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System† is more effective, more functional and efficient as compared to the existing system. This system will make various tasks of college easier and will make them more interactive. It will save time get waste in taking consultation hour through mobile and it will give news about any event or about anything immediately. This system will be helpful and quite handful for the student and faculties. 3.3 Architecture of the System Architecture of the â€Å"Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System† system is 3-Tier Client/Server Architecture. 3-tier application is organized into three major disjunctive tiers on layers. Client Tier (made in J2ME) Application Tier (made in J2EE) Database Tier (MySQL) Benefits of using 3-Tier architecture are mentioned below: Main benefit of 3-Tier architecture is that any other tier can be replaced without affecting the other tiers. For example if the developer finds any bug in calculating fine, only J2EE application page to calculate fine need to be changed without changing J2ME client application. Improved security as it is implemented at multiple levels. If we uses direct communication between the database and the mobile application. Database name, password can be extracted and then the hacker can do anything even can delete the database. Only valid data is allowed to be updated in the database and the risk of a scoundrel client application corrupting data is removed. As the database will be at the server and only authorized person will have the username and password to access it. Improved data integrity. As the database will be at the server so every user will use same database. Hence data integrity will be improved. It has improved scalability because the application servers can be deploying on many machines [5]. Even the number of user will be increased the web application can be deployed on multiple server to support this large chunk of users. Chapter 4 Research Methods â€Å"Research is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought† Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Overview: 4.1 Primary Research 4.2 Secondary Research 4.3 Academic Research 4.4 Technical Research 4.4.1 Programming Environment Research 4.4.2 Database Research 4.5 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE 4.1 Primary Research Primary research involves gettingoriginal datadirectly from the user about the product or market [4]. It is the initial research that is done during the development of a system. The primary objective of the primary research is to gather preliminary information which could support the designing of the application. So it is fundamental step, in order to continue with development of the application. Along with this, primary research is also used to gather user requirements on the system being developed and to estimate the feasibility of the proposed system. Primary research is done with the direct involvement of the targeted reader. There are many techniques to carry out primary research such as Questionnaires, Interview, Brain Storming, Onsite observation, Pilot study, Focus Group etc. However the developer have used questionnaire to perform primary research. Questionnaires It is a method of gathering information from a group of individuals using identical procedures for each person. Questionnaireis a data collection tool in which written questions are presented that are to be answered by the respondents in written form. The questionnaires are to be distributed to the student of a college who are using similar type of system. These students can suggest the good feature present in the system and the limitation in the present system which they are using. Justification: The target readers are already using simpler type of system having few of the functionality as the proposed system have. So users are aware about it up to some extent and they know what they want and what they do not. The proposed system is made for large group of user. Questionnaire makes the work easy as it can be conducted on a group of individuals using identical procedure. There are three types of questionnaire depending on type of user; Students, Teachers and administrator. Sample Questioner Dear Respondent: The developer is a Final Year Degree student from Asia Pacific Institute of Information Technology who is currently doing a Final Year Project which entitled Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System. The main purpose of the system is to reduce the communication gap between management and teacher and student by reaching to their cell phones. The system will help the student and teacher to fix consultation automatically by suggesting a time when both of them are free through checking the timetable of student and teacher. With the help of this mobile application the student can reserve a book from library or check for fine, issued book on his account. Management can send the latest news or information about any meeting directly to the student’s cell. The student can check attendance summery, result, examination and class timetable through this system. Student can go for an aptitude or similar test having multiple options to verify their level. However these featur es can be moderated depending on your response. So your response is highly important for me. As you are part of such institution and familiar with such system so you can help us in defining the structure or functionality of the system. These questionnaires will not take more than 5 minutes of your time. It is having objective type question where you need to check one or more option or write one/few words depending on the question. The questionnaire does not contain any such emotional or personal question. However the information provided by you will not be disclosed to anyone. Even if the developer needs to be share, it will not be done without your permission. Thank you a lot for participating. Please proceed further to the questionnaire section. PERSONAL INFORMATION Name _____________________________________________________ E-Mail _____________________________________________________ Questionnaires (for student) 1. Have you come across Smart Consultation Scheduler and Mobile Messaging System (SCSMS) or similar application? [ ] Yes [ ] No If yes plea